在Python的标准库中，有一个名为zipfile的模块。使用此模块，我们可以对zip文件执行不同的操作。
压缩文件是存档文件格式。Zip文件用于获得较少损失的数据压缩功能，因此从压缩形式可以完美地重建它。一个zip文件可以在其中保存一个或多个压缩文件。
压缩文件的优点是，它减少了存储需求，并通过标准连接传输速度。
在Python中，我们需要导入zipfile模块以使用zip文件。
from zipfile import ZipFile
首先，我们将看到如何从目录创建Zip文件。在这种情况下，主目录包含一个文件和一些其他目录。
因此，首先，我们必须爬网整个目录以获取所有文件和文件夹，并将路径存储为列表。然后将Zip File作为写入模式打开，然后从存储的路径中全部写入。
#Get all files from directory and subdirectories and convert to zip
from zipfile import ZipFile
import os
defget_all_files(directory): #function to get all files from directory
paths = []
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(directory):
for f_name in files:
path = os.path.join(root, f_name) #get a file and add the total path
paths.append(path)
return paths #Return the file paths
directory = './sample_files'
paths = get_all_files(directory)
#Display the filenames
print('The following files will be stored in the zip file')
for file in paths:
print(file)
#Open zip file as write mode to create zip
with ZipFile('my_files.zip', 'w') as zf:
for file in paths:
zf.write(file)
print('Zip is created Successfully')输出结果
The following files will be stored in the zip file ./sample_files\TP_python_prev.pdf ./sample_files\text_files\file1.txt ./sample_files\text_files\file2.txt Zip is created Successfully
现在看看，如何使用zipfile模块提取zip文件。要提取一个zip，首先，我们必须以读取模式打开zip文件，然后使用extract()或extractall()方法提取内容。该extract()方法采用从Zip文件中提取文件的路径。
#Extract the zip files
from zipfile import ZipFile
zip_file = 'my_files.zip'
with ZipFile(zip_file, 'r') as zf:
#display the files inside the zip
zf.printdir()
#Extracting the files from zip file
zf.extractall()
print('Zip Extraction Completed')输出结果
File Name Modified Sizesample_files/TP_python_prev.pdf 2018-10-19 13:19:48 1915882sample_files/text_files/file1.txt 2018-11-06 13:34:46 22sample_files/text_files/file2.txt 2018-11-06 13:35:02 24Zip Extraction Completed
现在，我们将讨论infolist()zipfile模块的方法。这提供了不同信息的列表，例如文件名，修改日期，文件大小等。
#Get information about the zip file
from zipfile import ZipFile
import datetime
zip_file = 'my_files.zip'
with ZipFile(zip_file, 'r') as zf:
for detail in zf.infolist():
print('File Name: ' + detail.filename)
print('\tModify Date: ' + str(datetime.datetime(*detail.date_time)))
print('\tZip Version: ' + str(detail.create_version))
print('\tSystem Version: ' + str(detail.create_system)) #0 for windows
print('\tFile Size (Bytes): ' + str(detail.file_size))输出结果
File Name: sample_files/TP_python_prev.pdf Modify Date: 2018-10-19 13:19:48 Zip Version: 20 System Version: 0 File Size (Bytes): 1915882File Name: sample_files/text_files/file1.txt Modify Date: 2018-11-06 13:34:46 Zip Version: 20 System Version: 0 File Size (Bytes): 22File Name: sample_files/text_files/file2.txt Modify Date: 2018-11-06 13:35:02 Zip Version: 20 System Version: 0 File Size (Bytes): 24